Thonzonium Bromide
Thonzonium Bromide is a surface active agent and an inhibitor of V-ATPase proton transport with EC50 value of 69 µM [1] [2].
Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are proton pumps that maintain pH homeostasis. V-ATPases couple the energy of ATP hydrolysis to proton transport across intracellular membranes [2].
Thonzonium Bromide is a surface active agent and an inhibitor of V-ATPase proton transport. In wild-type yeast cells, thonzonium bromide significantly decreased the cytosolic pH to 6.22. In vacuolar membrane vesicles, thonzonium bromide inhibited proton transport with EC50 value of 69 µM in a dose-dependent way. However, thonzonium bromide didn’t inhibit ATP hydrolysis, which suggested that thonzonium bromide uncoupled V-ATPase proton pumps. In wild-type yeast cells, thonzonium bromide (1 µM) didn’t inhibit cell growth. However, thonzonium bromide inhibited cell growth at 10 µM and caused a mild vma (vacuolar membrane ATPase) mutant growth phenotype. At concentrations up to 50 and 100 µM, thonzonium bromide completely inhibited yeast growth [2].
References:
[1]. Chafetz L, Greenough RC, Frank J. Thermal decomposition of thonzonium bromide. Pharm Res, 1986, 3(5): 298-301.
[2]. Chan CY, Prudom C, Raines SM, et al. Inhibitors of V-ATPase proton transport reveal uncoupling functions of tether linking cytosolic and membrane domains of V0 subunit a (Vph1p). J Biol Chem, 2012, 287(13): 10236-10250.
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| M.Wt | 591.71 |
| Cas No. | 553-08-2 |
| Formula | C32H55BrN4O |
| Solubility | ≥53.5 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥121.2 mg/mL in EtOH; ≥62.1 mg/mL in H2O |
| Chemical Name | N-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)(pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium bromide |
| SDF | Download SDF |
| Canonical SMILES | C[N+](CCN(C1=NC=CC=N1)CC(C=C2)=CC=C2OC)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.[Br-] |
| Shipping Condition | Small Molecules with Blue Ice, Modified Nucleotides with Dry Ice. |
| General tips | We do not recommend long-term storage for the solution, please use it up soon. |
| Kinase experiment [1]: | |
|
ATP-dependent proton transport assay |
Purified vacuolar membrane vesicles (10 μg of protein) were incubated with alexidine dihydrochloride or thonzonium bromide at the indicated concentrations for 10 min on ice. ATP-dependent proton transport was measured as follows: Fluorescence quenching of ACMA was monitored (ex 410 nm, em 490 nm) upon the addition of 0.5mM ATP and 1mM MgSO4. Initial velocities were calculated for 15 s following addition of MgATP (n=2). The apparently enhanced rate measured with benzbromarone and tolazamide was not dose-dependent and was sustained in the controls, when the drugs were added to the reaction mixture prior to the membrane vesicles. |
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
|
Cell lines |
In wild-type yeast cells |
|
Preparation method |
Limited solubility. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. |
|
Reaction Conditions |
Yeast cells expressing pHluorin were grown overnight to mid-log phase (0.4–0.6 A600/ml) and pre-incubated with 100 μM drug in 0.2% DMSO. |
|
Applications |
Treatment of yeast cells with thonzonium bromide significantly lowers the pH to (pHcyt 6.22±0.02), 10 μM thonzonium bromide reduces cell growth, with the cells developing a mild vma phenotype at 37 °C. Moreover, thonzonium bromide completely prevents yeast growth at 50 and 100 μM concentrations. |
|
References: 1. Chan CY, Prudom C, Raines SM, et al. Inhibitors of V-ATPase proton transport reveal uncoupling functions of tether linking cytosolic and membrane domains of V0 subunit a (Vph1p). J Biol Chem, 2012, 287(13): 10236-10250. | |
Quality Control & MSDS
- View current batch:
Chemical structure
