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In vitro transcription of capped mRNA with modified nucleotides and Poly(A) tail
TSA (Tyramide Signal Amplification), used for signal amplification of ISH, IHC and IC etc.
Separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins without phospho-specific antibody
A convenient and sensitive way for cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assay
Protect the integrity of proteins from multiple proteases and phosphatases for different applications.
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group.Bupivacaine hydrochloride is an effective local anesthetic agent. It has a rapid onset time, a high frequency of surgical anesthesia, a long duration, and a low incid
Cell lines
FDB muscle fibers
Preparation method
The solubility of this compound in DMSO is > 10.3 mg/mL. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 °C for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below - 20 °C for several months.
Reacting condition
1 mM; 40 mins
Applications
In FDB muscle fibers treated with 1 mM Bupivacaine HCl for 40 mins, the TMRM signal was substantially lost and the fiber shortened significantly. The TMRM signal decreased within about 30 mins, and depolarization was inhibited by CsA, which indicated that Bupivacaine facilitated the opening of the permeability transition pore, eventually causing mitochondrial depolarization.
Animal models
ACLT osteoarthritic rats
Dosage form
0.5%, 10 mL; intra-articular injection; once a week for 5 consecutive weeks
In ACLT osteoarthritic rats treated with Bupivacaine HCl, the relative weight-bearing values were significantly lower at the 6th and 7th weeks. Besides, Bupivacaine HCl did not show any significant effect on the viability and density of chondrocytes, as well as the histological characteristics of articular cartilage when compared with saline solution injections.
Other notes
Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.
References:
[1]. Irwin W, Fontaine E, Agnolucci L, Penzo D, Betto R, Bortolotto S, Reggiani C, Salviati G, Bernardi P. Bupivacaine myotoxicity is mediated by mitochondria. J Biol Chem. 2002 Apr 5;277(14):12221-7.
[2]. Iwasaki K, Sudo H, Kasahara Y, Yamada K, Ohnishi T, Tsujimoto T, Iwasaki N. Effects of Multiple Intra-articular Injections of 0.5% Bupivacaine on Normal and Osteoarthritic Joints in Rats. Arthroscopy. 2016 Oct;32(10):2026-2036.